A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells,or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.There are different types of media for growing different types of cells.There are two major types of growth media: those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth.Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
Differential medium or indicator medium distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same media.[5] This type of media uses the biochemical characteristics of a microorganism growing in the presence of specific nutrients or indicators (such as neutral red, phenol red, eosin y, or methylene blue) added to the medium to visibly indicate the defining characteristics of a microorganism. This type of media is used for the detection of microorganisms and by molecular biologists to detect recombinant strains of bacteria.
Examples of differential medium include:
eosin methylene blue (EMB), which is differential for lactose and sucrose fermentation .
MacConkey (MCK), which is differential for lactose fermentation .
mannitol salt agar (MSA), which is differential for mannitol fermentation .
X-gal plates, which are differential for lac operon mutants .
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